Search results for "Multigene Families"

showing 4 items of 4 documents

Concerted Evolution of Multigene Families and Homoeologous Recombination

2012

The dynamism of genomes is one of the most thoroughly documented paradigms in the genomic era, envisaged by the cytogenetic school during middle decades of the twentieth century. Such dynamism refers not just to the evolutionary changes that take place across deep time but also to the myriad changes at different levels (from SNPs to large structural rearrangements) that shape and adjust genomes over a smaller time scale. This chapter reviews two of the many forces that provide genome dynamism in plants. These two forces, concerted evolution of multigene families and homoeologous recombination of hybridized genomes, in principle contribute to shape the plant genomes through opposite effects …

Concerted evolutionEvolutionary biologyModels of DNA evolutionMultigene FamiliesGene conversionDynamismBiologyPlant genomesGenomeRecombination
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Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis

2017

Metallothioneins (MT) are small and cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions such as zinc, copper, cadmium, and nickel. In order to shed some light on MT gene structure and evolution, we cloned seven Paracentrotus lividus MT genes, comparing them to Echinodermata and Chordata genes. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 32 MTs from different classes of echinoderms and 13 MTs from the most ancient chordates, highlighting the relationships between them. Since MTs have multiple roles in the cells, we performed RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization experiments to understand better MT functions in sea urchin embryos. Results showed that the expression of MTs is regulated throughout de…

Models Molecular0301 basic medicineProtein Conformationmetallothionein; multigene families; evolution; metal; echinoderms; embryonic development; gene expressionCatalysiGene OrderMetallothioneinSea urchinPhylogenySpectroscopyPhylogenetic treebiologyEchinodermMetalGene Expression Regulation DevelopmentalComputer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionExonsGeneral MedicineAnatomyMultigene familiemultigene familiesComputer Science ApplicationsCell biologymedicine.anatomical_structureMetalsMultigene FamilyParacentrotusEchinoderms; Embryonic development; Evolution; Gene expression; Metal; Metallothionein; Multigene families; Catalysis; Molecular Biology; Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; Spectroscopy; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Inorganic ChemistryMesenchymeSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareIn situ hybridizationArticleCatalysisParacentrotus lividusInorganic Chemistry03 medical and health sciencesbiology.animalevolutionmedicineAnimalsGene familyProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsAmino Acid SequencePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryGeneMolecular BiologydevelopmentechinodermsOrganic Chemistrybiology.organism_classificationmetallothioneinAlternative Splicing030104 developmental biologyGene Expression RegulationEmbryonic developmentgene expression
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Effects of cadmium exposure on sea urchin development assessed by SSH and RT-qPCR: metallothionein genes and their differential induction

2012

In order to study the defense strategies activated by Paracentrotus lividus embryos in response to sub-lethal doses of CdCl2, we compared the induced transcripts to that of control embryos by suppression subtractive hybridization technique. We isolated five metallothionein (MT) cDNAs and other genes related to detoxification, to signaling pathway components, to oxidative, reductive and conjugative biotransformation, to RNA maturation and protein synthesis. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that two of the five P. lividus MT (PlMT7 and PlMT8) genes appeared to be constitutively expressed and upregulated following cadmium treatment, whereas the other three genes (PlMT4, PlMT5, PlMT6) are specifically…

Molecular Sequence Datachemistry.chemical_elementSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionParacentrotus lividusGene expressionGeneticsMetallothioneinAnimalsCadmium Echinodermata Gene expression Metallothionein Multigene families Embryonic developmentAmino Acid SequenceMolecular BiologyGenePhylogenyRegulation of gene expressionCadmiumbiologyGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation DevelopmentalNucleic Acid HybridizationGeneral MedicineSequence Analysis DNAbiology.organism_classificationMolecular biologyGene expression profilingchemistrySuppression subtractive hybridizationSea UrchinsMetallothioneinSequence AlignmentCadmium
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Data from: Partial sequence homogenization in the 5S multigene families may generate sequence chimeras and spurious results in phylogenetic reconstru…

2013

Multigene families have provided opportunities for evolutionary biologists to assess molecular evolution processes and phylogenetic reconstructions at deep and shallow systematic levels. However, the use of these markers is not free of technical and analytical challenges. Many evolutionary studies that used the nuclear 5S rDNA gene family rarely used contiguous 5S coding sequences due to the routine use of head-to-tail PCR primers that are anchored to the coding region. Moreover, the 5S coding sequences have been concatenated with independent, adjacent gene units in many studies, creating simulated chimeric genes as the raw data for evolutionary analysis. This practice is based on the tacit…

medicine and health care5S rDNAMedicinemultigene familiesmedicagoLife sciences
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